The Duru languages are a group of
Savanna languages
The Savannas languages, also known as Gur–Adamawa or Adamawa–Gur, is a branch of the Niger–Congo languages that includes Greenberg's Gur and Adamawa–Ubangui families.
History of classification
The Gur–Adamawa link was demonstrated in ...
spoken in northern
Cameroon
Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the ...
and eastern
Nigeria
Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...
. They were labeled "G4" in
Joseph Greenberg
Joseph Harold Greenberg (May 28, 1915 – May 7, 2001) was an American linguist, known mainly for his work concerning linguistic typology and the genetic classification of languages.
Life Early life and education
Joseph Greenberg was born on ...
's
Adamawa language-family proposal.
Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) also observes many morphological similarities between the Samba-Duru and
Central Gur languages.
Languages
*
Duli (extinct)
*Dii:
Duupa,
Dugun (Panõ),
Dii (Mambe’, Mamna’a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok)
*
Peere (Kutin)
*
Longto (Voko)
*Vere–Dowayo
**
Dowayo
**
Sewe
**
Koma
**
Vere
However, Guldemann (2018) casts doubt on the coherence of Samba–Duru as a unified group.
Classification
In the Adamawa Languages Project site, Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) classifies the Samba-Duru group as follows (see also
Leko languages).
;Samba-Duru
*
Vere (Verre)
**Jango (Mom Jango)
**Vere cluster (Momi, Vere Kaadam)
**Wɔmmu (Wongi, Wɔŋgi)
**Nissim-Eilim
**Kobom, Karum (Vere Kari), Danum
**Vɔmnəm (Koma Vomni)
**Gəunəm cluster: Yarəm, Lim, Gbaŋrɨm, Baidəm, Zanəm, Ləələm, etc.
**Damtəm (Koma Damti), etc.
*Gəmme (Gimme) (
Koma)
**Gəmnəm (Gəmnime, Gimnime): Beiya, Gindoo; Riitime
**Gəmme (Kompana, Panme): Yəgme, Dehnime; Baanime
*
Doyayo (Dooya̰a̰yɔ): Markɛ; Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of Poli); Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of the mountains)
*Duru
**
Dii cluster
**
Dugun (Paape, Sa)
**
Duupa (Paape)
**
Pɛrɛ (Pere, Kutin): Gaziwaːlɛ, Nɔlti), ˀAːlti; Zɔŋ Pɛrɛ (Potopo)
**
Lɔŋto (Voko, Woko)
*
Samba
Samba (), also known as samba urbano carioca (''urban Carioca samba'') or simply samba carioca (''Carioca samba''), is a Brazilian music genre that originated in the Afro-Brazilian communities of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century. Havi ...
(Samba Leeko, Leko)
**
Samba
Samba (), also known as samba urbano carioca (''urban Carioca samba'') or simply samba carioca (''Carioca samba''), is a Brazilian music genre that originated in the Afro-Brazilian communities of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century. Havi ...
cluster
**Mubaako (Məbaako, Mumbaako,
Nyong
The Nyong (formerly german: Yong) is a river in Cameroon. The river flows approximately to empty into the Gulf of Guinea.
Course
The Nyong originates east of the town of Abong-Mbang, where the northern rain forest feeds it. The river's len ...
)
**
Kolbila
Kolbila is an Adamawa language of Cameroon and Nigeria.
Distribution
Kolbila is closely related to Samba Leko. It is spoken by fewer than 4,000 speakers in several settlements along the Ngaoundéré-Garoua road in Bantanjé (Bantadje) canton of n ...
[Littig, Sabine (2017)]
Kolbila: Geography and history
**Pɛrɛma (
Wom)
Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).
Footnotes
References
*Roger Blench, 2004
List of Adamawa languages(ms)
External links
Samba-Duru(Adamawa Languages Project)
{{Niger-Congo branches
Leko–Nimbari languages
Languages of Nigeria
Languages of Cameroon